In a landmark move the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated its advisory policy, opening up travel for US citizens that have been fully vaccinated.

The US is one of South Africa’s largest source markets for inbound travel. At present approximately 62 million people in the US, or around 20% of the country’s population, have been vaccinated for COVID-19 and given the green light to start travelling again.

The CDC recommendations now allow fully vaccinated US citizens to travel domestically without the need to quarantine or to test for COVID-19 before or after travel. Its recommendations also allow vaccinated US citizens to travel internationally without the need to quarantine. Vaccinated citizens do not need to get tested before leaving the US unless the destination they are visiting requires it, however they do need to show a negative test result (or documentation of recovery from COVID-19) before boarding a flight to the United States.

The CDC also recommends that these travellers get tested three to five days after international travel. People are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after receiving the last required dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

According to the CDC’s website travellers should still take steps to protect themselves and others. “You will still be required to wear a mask on planes, buses, trains and other forms of public transport. Fully vaccinated international travellers arriving in the Unites States are still required to get tested within three days before their flight and should get tested three to five days after their trip,” advises the CDC.

“The updated guidance does not apply to unvaccinated people. The CDC still advises anyone who hasn’t been fully vaccinated to avoid travel.”

CEO of the Tourism Business Council of South Africa (TBCSA), Tshifhiwa Tshivhengwa, said that the CDC’s announcement – which endorses the idea that it is safe for vaccinated people to start travelling again – would speed up the recovery of the industry and allow vaccinated travellers to start returning to South Africa. 

He said the TBCSA was engaging with government to implement a clear travel policy for vaccinated people, which would remove some of the barriers to travel that were currently required.

“This announcement will be a catalyst to speed up our discussions to allow vaccinated travellers easier access to South Africa,” said Tshivhengwa.

MD of Cape Xtreme Adventure Tours and Cape to Addo Safaris, Barry O’Donoghue, said that anything that removed travel barriers and encouraged people to start travelling again was positive news for the industry. 

“The US is one of our largest source markets and we have seen a marked increase in enquiries from this region in the last few weeks, as the US has moved forward rapidly with its vaccination programme.

O’Donoghue said the US tour operators that we are engaging with are upbeat and excited about booking trips to Africa again. “And we have just received the good news that a group of 200 US students will be confirming their booking with us for travel in May and June, which will substantially alter our company’s position. The CDC’s endorsement of travel for vaccinated citizens will surely add fuel to this momentum.”

“We have been lucky that South Africa only has a PCR requirement for travel, as quarantine requirements, which are still in place in many countries, are devastating for forward bookings. PCR test requirements are still cumbersome, expensive and risky to manage though, and if this requirement could be removed for vaccinated travellers it would help both the inbound and outbound industry to recover even faster,” he added.

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Partner visa language test will only affect people who apply after the changes are introduced mid-next year.

The Department of Home Affairs says adding an English language requirement for partner visa applicants would protect people in family violence situations.

·  Requiring immigrants who apply for a partner visa to pass an English test would be a "paternalistic" measure that will tear families apart, refugee and women's advocates say.

The Department of Home Affairs is considering adding a language requirement for partner visa applications. Under the proposal, both the person applying for the visa and the person sponsoring the visa would have to pass the English test.

A consultation paper issued by the department says the measure would protect potential victims of violence by encouraging them to learn English.

"Migrants who do not have sufficient English language skills may be more vulnerable to family violence and other exploitation," the paper states.

"They are less likely to have an established support network or be aware of Australia's laws and how to seek help."

English speakers are better able to independently seek help in emergency situations such as family violence at home, it says.

But the Australian Women Against Violence Alliance (AWAVA) and the Refugee Advice and Casework Service (RACS) have slammed the proposal as paternalistic.

"This language creates a false association between domestic and family violence and non-English speakers," said RACS lawyer Hannah Gray, who co-ordinates the centre's Women at Risk program.

It also "makes the unsupported claim that the way to combat such violence is by making it more difficult for non-English speaking partners to obtain visas and be reunited with their families", she added.

Ms Gray said family violence occurs across all cultures and language groups, and it was "highly reductive" to suggest the problem was exacerbated by survivors' English skills.

A spokesperson for the Department of Home Affairs said the government was committed to providing support to victims of family violence regardless of their language skills.

They said public consultations would inform the settings and implementation of the policy.

RACS consulted with extensive specialist women's services, who all confirmed they are "strongly opposed" to the English language requirements.

"For these groups, the suggestion it was the lack of English of survivors of violence is seen as just another form of victim blaming," Ms Gray said.

AWAVA's program manager, Tina Dixson, said women on temporary visas need to be supported to access essential services when they're in crisis.

Ms Gray added that an English test would create barriers and delays to family reunions for refugees, and in some cases completely prevent families from being reunited.

"Family reunification is already extraordinarily difficult. This proposal is yet another hurdle adversely impacting the lives of refugees in Australia," she said.

The organisations have penned a joint submission to the department expressing their strong opposition to the idea.

The reforms were announced as part of the 2020-21 federal budget. Submissions on the proposal closed on 31 March.

The Department of Home Affairs did not respond to questions.

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VFS Global, the visa outsourcing and technology services company, has issued an update on restarting visa application services in India since June 2020.

Currently, the visa application process (in various categories) for over 40 governments has resumed at select visa application centres across India.

“Our Visa Application Centres across India remain open as of April 7, 2021, though timings and days of working may vary, according to pandemic-related regulations. Please check vfsglobal.com for details. Real-time updates are also posted on our social media channels and the Covid-19 Customer Advisories page,” VFS Global said in an official release.

Following is the information on visa operations as of March 31, 2021:

Country	Visa Categories	Cities	Restart Date
Austria	Category D and pre-approved C visa applications	Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – September 2020
Belarus	All Visa Categories	Mumbai and New Delhi	July – September 2020
Belgium	Category D and pre-approved C type	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Kochi, Hyderabad, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – August 2020
Canada	Family, Permits, Students	Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Pune, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Jalandhar, Chandigarh and Kolkata	November – December 2020
China	Business Category	New Delhi	July-20
Croatia	Category D	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – September 2020
Cyprus	C visa categories (Pre-approved from High Commission)	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Kochi, Hyderabad and New Delhi	October – November 2020
Czech Republic	Czech and EU family members, Entry in the interest of the Czech Republic, International Transport workers, Diplomats and Officials of International organizations, Seasonal workers, For employment in health and social services only, in urgent emergencies, for employment – food production workers only, for employment – qualified workers only (if the conditions of these Programs “The High qualified worker” and “The Key and scientific workers” are met)	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Kochi and Hyderabad	September-20 – February-21
Denmark	Residence permit, Employment, Dependent, Approval cases, Category D, specific purpose (business, etc.)	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kochi, New Delhi and Kolkata	June – September  2020
Dominican Republic	Business, Work and Resident visa	New Delhi, Mumbai	June 2020
Estonia	Category C and D	Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – August 2020
Finland	Resident Permits, Visas (Pre-approved from Embassy)	New Delhi	November 2020
France	Category C and D	Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, New Delhi and Kolkata	August-20
Georgia	Long Term Visa for Business and Family visit (post approval from Ministry) and student visa be accepted	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kochi, New Delhi and Kolkata	October-20
Germany	Category C (with prior approval) and D visa (seafarers, transit, employment and student, Blue Card, PhD) after approval of submission and D-visa stamping	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – August 2020
Hungary	Pre-approved cases from embassy	New Delhi	November 2020
Italy	Re-Entry Visa, Category D, Short term Students, Seafarer, Transit, Visit to family (immediate family member), Business (With prior approval)	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	July-20
Ireland	Student, Long – stay categories	Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kochi, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Jalandhar, Chandigarh, Kolkata	July-20
Japan	Long term and Business visa	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kochi, and New Delhi	September – October 2020
Latvia	Category D	Mumbai, Kochi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai and New Delhi	August 2020
Lebanon	All Visa Categories (BAU)	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, New Delhi and Kolkata	December-20
Lithuania	Category D	Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	August 2020
Luxembourg	Category D	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kochi, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – September 2020
Malta	Pre-approved case for Medical Staff, Humanitarian case and High skilled professionals	Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, Hyderabad	February 2021 – March 2021
Malaysia	Single Entry Visas	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and New Delhi	July – September 2020
MEA	Attestation and Apostille of personal and educational documents	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad	September-October 2020
Morocco	All Visa Categories except tourist visas	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	January 2021
New Zealand	Long-stay and other categories (postal applications only)	New Delhi	August 2020
Nigeria	All visa categories	Mumbai	September-20
Norway	Residence permit and pre-approved Category C	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kochi, New Delhi and Kolkata	June – September  2020
Poland	Category D	Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, New Delhi and Kolkata	July 2020
Portugal	E6 for holders of expired Portuguese residence card, D6 for holders of expired Family Reunification D6 visas, Category D and pre-approved Category C	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, New Delhi and Kolkata	June – September  2020
South Africa	All visa categories	Mumbai, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata	September – October 2020
South Korea	Seamen Short term, Work Permit (C4) and Long-term applications	New Delhi, Kolkata	June 2020 – March 2021
Sweden	As per Embassy’s Approval	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, New Delhi and Kolkata	October-November 2020
Switzerland	Category D and pre-approved Category C	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kochi, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – August 2020
Thailand	All visa categories	Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Kochi and Hyderabad	December 2020 – January 2021
The Netherlands	Seaman, LDR, Re-entry visa, Orange carpet/ Business (With prior approval)	Mumbai,  Hyderabad, Chennai, New Delhi and Kolkata	July – September 2020
Turkey	All visa categories	Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Chennai, Bengaluru and New Delhi	June – September  2020
UAE – DVPC	All visa categories (online); 30 day and 90 day tourist visas (in- VAC)	Online application in Hyderabad, Chennai, Bengaluru and Kochi	June – August 2020
United Kingdom	All Visa categories / passport collection	Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kochi, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Jalandhar, Chandigarh, Kolkata, and Goa (once a month only)	July-20
Ukraine	All visas except tourist	Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Kolkata,	August 2020 / September 2020
USA	All visa categories	All India	August 2020 – February 2021

Note: Air travel on all routes is subject to government advisories and permissions for air travel may be independent of the visa process.

VFS Global has established standardised protective measures to be followed across centres, including physical distancing and sanitisation, body temperature checks, use of masks and sanitisers, disinfecting high-contact surfaces. Customers with Covid-19 symptoms, including high fever, cough and difficulty in breathing will not be permitted to enter the centre

www.samigration.com

South African students are bad at maths compared to other countries. This is clear from results of South African learners in the International Mathematics and Science Study. The results show that South Africa’s performance is far from competitive in relation to other countries.

To try and understand the reasons for this poor performance, I did a qualitative case study focusing on a year-long post graduate course taken by aspiring teachers. I focused particularly on a Post Graduate Certificate in Education with a maths focus offered by one of the country’s university of technologies.

I looked at three key themes – the curriculum and its delivery, partnerships during delivery and policy influencing delivery. My research findings show that the success of the Post Graduate Certificate in Education in preparing maths teachers is not without concern and its delivery, in the case study context, needs rethinking.

My findings underscore earlier research that has suggested that a shortage of competent and confident qualified mathematics teachers is a key contributing factor to the low maths performance of South African school children.

Constraints

The one-year Post Graduate Certificate in Education offered at South African universities is a key qualification for aspiring teachers. This is taken after completing a diploma or degree in other fields such as engineering, business and hospitality. It offers an opportunity to university graduates to become a professionally qualified teacher in one-year instead of pursuing a career in industry.

My research highlights the constraints identified by students and lecturers of the post graduate certificate programme, in particular as it relates to the teaching of maths.

The first constraint I identified involved inadequate support structures as well as information, communication and technology infrastructure to meaningfully support the ever-increasing numbers of students taking up the course. The numbers have grown exponentially – from 10 in 1994 to 100 in 2014 and then 207 in 2015. In short, the university has been expected to do more with less.

The second constraint I identified was a potential over reliance on using Bachelors in Education content designed to be delivered over four years. This was evident from the statements from lecturers clarifying how they identify and select content to present during lectures.

This is a constraint as the four year Bachelors in Education content is not always suitable for the Post Graduate Certificate in Education context. This indicates a need to develop context specific content to make the best of the one-year post graduate certificate.

The third constraint was a limited partnership to develop professional learning communities. These should ideally involve lecturers and students, university representatives evaluating students during compulsory classroom teaching periods and the teachers in schools hosting students.

The main reason for this constraint appeared to be that most lecturers were part-time as the course was offered in the afternoon or evening. This meant that lecturers and students had limited time to engage. This affected the outcomes and the quality of the course.

Another outcome from the lack of engagement between the part-time lecturers was that lecturers duplicated content offered in other programme modules. Students and graduates noted this as one of their main concerns. Unnecessary duplication is a major problem because the post graduate certificate programme has a limited time-frame of just one year.

The fourth and final constraint was a lack of oversight over university policy stipulations linked to the delivery and assessment of the post graduate qualification.

For example, university policy stipulates that an assessment plan, programme and calendar must be provided to students. Such a document wasn’t provided to students as noted during interviews. Policy also stipulates that students must re-do practical teaching if they miss more than five days during the study period. One student noted that he was absent for a whole week during this period and no one noticed. He was awarded a pass for practical teaching.

My research found that lecturers didn’t follow all the university’s policies. This suggested that they weren’t being monitored by the relevant authorities. This lack of oversight by the university is clearly a major problem.

Next steps

I conclude from my findings that, to become confident and competent maths teachers, graduates who have passed the Post Graduate Certificate in Education need further development and support. If this isn’t provided, South Africa is unlikely to see an improvement in the performance of its school children.

 

Atul Gupta is seeking to have his South African passport issued.

 

The Department of Home Affairs is opposing the application

 

Gupta's legal team has filed a court application, seeking an order ompelling the director-general and home affairs minister to furnish     his record of decision for refusing the passport.

 

The lawyer representing one of the Gupta brothers has filed a fresh application, seeking an order compelling the Department of Home Affairs to file a record and reasons for its decision on its refusal to issue his client with a passport. The papers were filed in the Gauteng High Court in Pretoria last week. 

 

The respondents in the matter are the director-general of home affairs and Minister Aaron Motsoaledi. Atul Gupta, who fled South Africa for Dubai amid corruption allegations,

approached the court in January in a bid to have his South African passport issued.

 

In his application, he argued that the home affairs director-general's failure to grant his passport application was unlawful and reviewable. The department is opposing the application.

 

Speaking to News24 on Tuesday, Gupta's attorney Rudi Krause said, despite Motsoaledi's public statements that his client would not be issued with a passport, he had so far not provided the record of decision.  He had also not filed an answering affidavit, Krause said.

 

Decision

 

"The minister boldly said he has taken a decision not to issue Mr Gupta with a new passport [and] now the fundamental problem is, it's not the minister's decision... it is the decision of the Director-General.

 

He said:  So, if the minister has taken that decision, we want to see on what legal basis the minister claims to have made the decision which he is not entitled to make in law. "We have found his public statement to be legally flawed," he added.

 

The main application was brought in terms of Rule 53 - which determines that an organ of state that takes an administrative decision must provide the court, upon application, with the record of decision, he said.  "So, there must be an official record of the decision that the minister took," he said.

 

Krause said:  It is just reckless of a minister to behave in this fashion. "They [the respondents] have also served us with a Rule 47 notice requiring of Mr Gupta to put up security for costs which we've told them we are not going to do.  "How can the government expect a citizen of this country who wants to exercise their constitutional right to put up security for costs? We've told them in writing, we are not going to put up security for costs. [They should ] bring an application so that we can argue this in court; they have not brought that application either." In his affidavit filed in court, on behalf of his client, Krause said: "At the time of deposing to this affidavit, the respondents have still

not filed the record of decision with the registrar. Instead the second respondent (Minister Motsoaledi) is quoted in the media as saying that he has garnered a top legal team and that he will resist any effort by the applicant to be issued with a South African passport.

 

"Despite the approach that the second respondent [minister] has taken publicly, the respondents remain in default of filing a record of decision and simply complying with the rules of the court as all parties are obliged to do."

 

Pressure

 

Krause said the DG and the minister were not only in default of compliance with the notice of motion and the rules of court, but also in contempt of court “by virtue of their flagrant disregard for the Rules of this Court”.

 

Asked for comment on the matter, spokesperson for the Home Affairs minister, Siya Qoza said: "The Department is defending the matter and is giving this application the requisite attention." 

The controversial Gupta family left South Africa for Dubai under increasing pressure due to allegations that they influenced former president Jacob Zuma's Cabinet appointments.

 

South Africa has been engaging with the United Arab Emirates for some family members and their associates' extradition.  But according to Justice Minister Ronald Lamola, the UAE was not

cooperating, News24 reported.  Meanwhile, in his application filed in January, Gupta said:

My circumstances and business activities in South Africa are well known, and it would not be inappropriate to describe myself as having a public profile. I have been the subject of speculation and reporting by the media, much of which is inaccurate. The simple factual position is that I have not been charged with any criminal offence under South African or any other law, and there had been no credible suggestion that any such charges are to be proffered against me.